Statistical Applications Free Essays

The pie chart shows percentage among adults with diagnosed diabetes receiving treatment of insulin or oral medication. It is normally used to present the data. I believe that this was a proper graph used to present the data. We will write a custom essay sample on Statistical Applications or any similar topic only for you Order Now The information is clear. The data was presented in a good visual that I could recognize the patterns and trends. The colors used to differentiate type of treatment are helpful. Was this the best way to display the data? What other types of graphs could have been used? This is the most appropriate chart for this type of data presentation. The Pie chart was the best way to present and display the data. Another type of graph or chart that could have been used is the bar graph. Both are graphs showing proportion. They produce the same information just in different forms Is the scope and scale of the graph appropriate? Why or why not? The scale of the chart was appropriate for the article and how it was presented. This article was part of a journal article and the chart had to be inserted into the article so the scale was appropriate. Does the chart or graph support the findings in the article? Why or why not? The pie chart was described clearly in the article with percentage and the type of treatment. The article also unclouded the source of data, it has the credential to the reader. How to cite Statistical Applications, Papers

Theoretical Foundation Change free essay sample

It is natural for an organization to experience resistance, eagerness, and frustration during a change initiative and therefore knowing when and how to manage change is imperative to ensure success. The following discussion will identify factors that will help guide an organization in determining the need and readiness for change. Organizational change is definitely a task that must be embraced when the time is right and change leaders must be responsible for knowing when to implement the initiative. Researchers examined the complexity of organizational change readiness by using an assessment that considered factors such as organizational climate, resources, and motivation (Lehan, Greener, amp; Simpson, 2002). It was believed by the researchers that positive climate can be linked to the success of an organization. A characteristic such as employee collaboration and empowerment have proven to be indicative of a healthy workplace and is an important part of organizational change (Hellriegel, Slocum, amp; Woodman, 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Foundation Change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kotter’s Model for organizational change emphasizes the need to have a team that will serve as change agents and that the team is formed to collaborate and help with building the vision that will guide the change initiative (Appelbaum, Habashy, Malo, amp; Shafiq, 2012). Lehan et al (2002) posited that resources that supported employees worth and value made a difference in an organization’s readiness to change. Having ample training and materials needed to be successful must be evident before making an attempt at organizational change. In addition to having a happy workplace and a positive environment, a level of motivation is needed to encourage change. External forces, such as competition, and internal forces, such as profit and loss statements, are often a source of motivation for organizational change (Kelman, 2006). Change leaders must present the issues that pronounce the need to make organizational changes to employees and stakeholders in a manner that signifies the good that could possibly result. The concern must be for the organization but not without considering its members. The members must feel obligated or committed to the organization in order to promote a successful change initiative (Weiner, 2009). When organizational members are connected to the proposed changes the better the likelihood of member commitment to the change initiative. The phenomena of organizational change have been studied in detail but yet there are still some organizations that are unsuccessful. It is critical for organizational culture to represent the essence of the desired outcome. Organizational members must have an essential role in the change initiative from the onset. More importantly, change leaders must carefully assess the conditions of the organization to determine if change is appropriate. Implementing change requires leaders to survey the overall health of the organization before any actions are enforced in order to promote a healthy change initiative. References Appelbaum,S. , Habashy,S. , Malo, J. , Shafiq, H. (2012) Back to the future: revisiting Kotters 1996 change model, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 1. Iss: 8, pp. 764 – 782 Gilley, A. , Gilley, J. , amp; McMillan, H. (2009). Organizational change: Motivation, communication, and leadership effectiveness. Volume 21, Number 4 / 2009 DOI: 10. 1002/piq Hellriegel, D. , Slocum, J. , amp; Woodman, R. (1998). Organizational behavior. Cengage South-Western ISBN-13: 9780324323634 Kelman, S. (2006). Downsizing, competition, and organizational change in government: Is necessity the mother o f invention? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, v25 n4 p875-895 Aut 2006 Lehan, W. , Greener, J. , Simpson, D. (2002). Assessing organizational readiness for change. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 22 (2002) 197– 209 Reardon, K. , Reardon, K. , amp; Rowe, A. J. (1998). Leadership styles for the five stages of radical change. Acquisition Review Quarterly, 6(2), 129-146. Weiner, B. (2009). A theory of organizational readiness for change. Implementation Science 2009, 4:67 doi:10. 1186/1748-5908-4-67

Introduction Essays (646 words) - Religion, Transcendentalism

Introduction Ralph Waldo Emerson "...was truly one of our great geniuses" even though he may have a short biography (Hodgins 212). But as Emerson once said himself, "Great geniuses have the shortest biographies." Emerson was also a major leader of "the philosophical movement of Transcendentalism". (Encarta 1) Transcendentalism was belief in a higher reality than that found everyday life that a human can achieve. Biographical Information Emerson was born on May 25, 1803 in Boston, Massachusetts. His father died when he was young and his mother was left with him and his four other siblings. At the age of 18 he graduated from Harvard University and was a teacher for three years in Boston. Then in 1825 he entered Harvard Divinity School and preached for three years. At the age of 29 he resigned for ministry, partly because of the death of his wife after only 17 months of marriage. In 1835 he married Lydia Jackson and started to lecture. Then in 1836, he helped to start the Transcendental Club. The Transcendental Club was formed for authors that were part of this historical movement. Emerson was a big part of this and practically initiated the entire club. As we know he was already a major part of the movement and know got himself involved more. Many people and ways of life throughout his career including Neoplatonism, the Hindu religion, Plato and even his wife influenced Emerson. He also inspired many Transcendentalists like Thoreau. Emerson didn't win any major awards, but he did win the love and appreciation of his readers. Literary Information Emerson wrote many genres of writing including poetry and sermons, but his best writing is found in his essays. Even though he is noted for his essays, he was also a strong force in poetry. Emerson was known for presenting ideas in an expressive style. He wrote about numerous issues including nature, society, conspiracy and freedom. After returning to America after a visit to England, he wrote for the abolitionist cause, which was eliminating slavery. Emerson used these ideas in his 1837 lecture "The American Scholar," which he presented before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard. In it he talked about Americans becoming more intelligently independent. In a second address, commonly referred to as the "Address at Divinity College," given in 1838 to the graduating class of Cambridge Divinity College, brought about a problem because it attacked religion and pushed independence. Some of Emerson's famous titles are "Essays", which was published in 1844, Poems, which was published in 1847, "Nature: Addresses and Lectures", 1849, and "Representative Men", 1850. In 1860, he published "Conduct of Life", which was the first of his works to receive immediate popularity. In these works you were able to see the influence Plato and Neoplatonism had of him. "Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher. He developed the notion of a higher reality that exists beyond the powers of human comprehension. Plato explained that the idea of absolute goodness transcends human description. Neoplantonism was a collective designation for the philosophical and religious doctrines of a heterogeneous school of speculative thinkers who sought to develop and synthesize the metaphysical ideas of Plato" (Encarta). Ralph Waldo Emerson found motivation to write in anything he did, whether it was visiting England, the Transcendental Movement or if it was abolishing slavery. He didn't receive much fame during his lifetime, but after he passed away in1882, he was remembered for all of his writing, not just one good essay. "Emerson was the most important figure during the Romantic Period" (Myerson 3). He left his mark on writing, especially the Romantic Period. Bibliography "Emerson, Ralph Waldo." Microsoft Encarta. CD-ROM. 1998 ed. "Emerson, Ralph Waldo." Lkd. Columbia University Homepage, at "ILT Web." http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/acedemic/digitexts/emerson/bio_emerson.html Hodgins, Francis. ed. Adventures in American Literature. Orlando: Harcourt, 1989. Myerson, Joel. "Ralph Waldo Emerson." Grolier Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. 1993 ed.

Essay on Vocabulary Development

Essay on Vocabulary Development Essay on Vocabulary Development Constructing Meaning Susan L. Wright Grand Canyon University: EED475 November 18, 2012 Constructing Meaning |Strategy |Activity |Assessment | |Inferencing |Make predictions through illustrations, chapter |Decide if predictions can be substantiated | | |titles, and headings | | ; Define through |Observe student during the process to ensure correct use | | |context clues, dictionary or glossary. |of strategy. | |Summarizing |Discuss what student learned from reading the | Story mapping or write a summary in journal | | |text | | |Question Generating |Have students write questions in journal after |Look for appropriate answers to the questions | | |predicting; before they read | | that promote images|Draw a picture of a selected character of scene in the | | |in their head |text | |Recognizing story structure |Identify the characters, setting, problem etc†¦ |Fill out story map | |Activating prior knowledge |Ask what student knows about topic |Self to text, world to text, or text to text connection | | | |worksheet | |Monitoring Comprehension |Reread when something doesn’t make sense |Have student identify what helped clarify meaning | |Think Aloud |Stop after reading a part of text; model asking |Invite students to do the same activity | | |yourself questions | | |Main Idea |Discuss main idea; the point the author wants to|Observe, after reading discuss the main idea in small | | |make. Use a familiar text as an example |groups. Check for understanding. | |Fix-up |Student explains misunderstanding, classmates |Student answers to questions | | |ask questions to help clarify |

Counter Trade Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Counter Trade - Assignment Example Switch trading as a countertrade assists global financial operations in instances where a company in a given state is short of obligations thereby hindering from making a purchase. Therefore, the company in need of the obligations would do a switch by buying the obligations from another company for it to be able to make a purchase as was observed by Contractor and Lorange (2002). Countertrade is also applied as a global financial operation in the form of a counter purchase. Contractor and Lorange (2002) argue that a counter purchase assists in transferring goods and services from an organization in one country to another in a different country, that promises to make a future purchase of goods from the same company. This form of countertrade enables the company that does not have the products needed to get them from another company that has the same products. This helps the first company to assure its continuity and, therefore, to avoid closure. Countertrade is one way in which techno logy can be exchanged between countries in the form of buybacks according to Contractor and Lorange (2002). A buyback also enables a company to acquire plants, equipments, and receive training easily through countertrade, thereby fostering growth in financial operations. Countertrade is one of the best ways of managing risks. This is because a company that is in need of products and services but is short of hard currency may still manage to acquire products and services through countertrade. This eliminates the dangers that may face the company such as closure. Countertrade is also another way of managing currency risks such as those due to non-convertibility of and fluctuation in currency value. Since countertrade does not involve currency, the business is never affected by the fluctuation in currency or non-convertibility (Trent, 2007). In conclusion, countertrade is one of the

Human Growth and Developement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Growth and Developement - Essay Example From this paper, it is clear that big 5 personality traits are the five basic dimensions of any individual’s personality and are a broad classification of personality, whereby agreeableness refers to the ability to be trustworthy, kind and affectionate while neuroticism points emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness. On the other hand, openness and conscientiousness refer to the ability to be insightful and thoughtful, respectively. For effective nursing, it is crucial to have an appropriate combination such as extraversion meaning excitability, sociability, and talkativeness, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness. These come in handy in nursing in terms of catering for the needs of their patients emotionally through social and high emotional expression.This paper highlights that  ageism is the term used to refer to discrimination against people based on their age, and stereotyping on the same. In the media, the issue of ageism has come up in recent times due to the practice of discriminating the aged, middle-aged, teenagers and children on various grounds related to their age.  This is where humorists and comedians avoid making jokes on racial, disability and sexist grounds, but feels okay to bare their bias and negative attitude to those they consider unworthy of their respect.  This is by attacking the target group with harsh comments. In nursing cases, ageism applies in employment and experience where some of the junior and senior members of the nursing profession deny one another respect.

Application And Use Of Complex Numbers

Application And Use Of Complex Numbers HISTORY OF COMPLEX NUMBERS:- Complex numbers were first conceived and defined by the Italian mathematician Gerolamo Cardano, who called them fictitious, during his attempts to find solutions to cubic equations. This ultimately led to the fundamental theorem of algebra, which shows that with complex numbers, a solution exists to every polynomial equation of degree one or higher. Complex numbers thus form an algebraically closed field, where any polynomial equation has a root. The rules for addition, subtraction and multiplication of complex numbers were developed by the Italian mathematician Rafael Bombelli. A more abstract formalism for the complex numbers was further developed by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton. COMPLEX NUMBER INTERPRETATION:- A number in the form of x+iy where x and y are real numbers and i = is called a complex number. Let z= x+iy X is called real part of z and is denoted by R (z) Y is called imaginary part of z and is denoted by I (z) CONJUGATE OF A COMPLEX NUMBER: A pair of complex numbers x+iy and x-iy are said to be conjugate of each other. PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX NUMBERS ARE:- 1) If + = + then = 2) Two complex numbers + and + are said to be equal If R (+) = R ( +) I (+) = I ( +) 3) Sum of the two complex numbers is ( +) +( + = (+ ) + (+) 4) Difference of two complex numbers is ( +) ( + = () + () 5) Product of two complex numbers is ( +) ( + = +( ) 6) Division of two complex numbers is = + 7) Every complex number can be expressed in terms of r (cosÃŽÂ ¸ + sinÃŽÂ ¸) R (x+) = r cosÃŽÂ ¸ I (x+) = r sinÃŽÂ ¸ r = and ÃŽÂ ¸ = REPRESENTATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN PLANE The set of complex numbers is two-dimensional, and a coordinate plane is required to illustrate them graphically. This is in contrast to the real numbers, which are one-dimensional, and can be illustrated by a simple number line. The rectangular complex number plane is constructed by arranging the real numbers along the horizontal axis, and the imaginary numbers along the vertical axis. Each point in this plane can be assigned to a unique complex number, and each complex number can be assigned to a unique point in the plane. Modulus and Argument of a complex number: The number r = is called modulus of x+ and is written by mod (x+) or ÃŽÂ ¸ = is called amplitude or argument of x+ and is written by amp (x+) or arg (x+) Application of imaginary numbers: For most human tasks, real numbers (or even rational numbers) offer an adequate description of data. Fractions such as à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ º are meaningless to a person counting stones, but essential to a person comparing the sizes of different collections of stones. Negative numbers such as à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢3 and à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢5 are meaningless when measuring the mass of an object, but essential when keeping track of monetary debits and credits. Similarly, imaginary numbers have essential concrete applications in a variety of sciences and related areas such as signal processing, control theory, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, cartography, vibration analysis, and many others. APPLICATION OF COMPLEX NO IN ENGINEERING:- Control Theory In control theory, systems are often transformed from the time domain to the frequency domain using the Laplace transform. The systems poles and zeros are then analyzed in the complex plane. The root locus, Nyquist plot, and Nichols plot techniques all make use of the complex plane. In the root locus method, it is especially important whether the poles and zeros are in the left or right half planes, i.e. have real part greater than or less than zero. If a system has poles that are in the right half plane, it will be unstable, all in the left half plane, it will be stable, on the imaginary axis, it will have marginal stability. If a system has zeros in the right half plane, it is a nonminimum phase system. Signal analysis Complex numbers are used in signal analysis and other fields for a convenient description for periodically varying signals. For given real functions representing actual physical quantities, often in terms of sines and cosines, corresponding complex functions are considered of which the real parts are the original quantities. For a sine wave of a given frequency, the absolute value |z| of the corresponding z is the amplitude and the argument arg(z) the phase. If Fourier analysis is employed to write a given real-valued signal as a sum of periodic functions, these periodic functions are often written as complex valued functions of the form where à Ã¢â‚¬ ° represents the angular frequency and the complex number z encodes the phase and amplitude as explained above. Improper integrals In applied fields, complex numbers are often used to compute certain real-valued improper integrals, by means of complex-valued functions. Several methods exist to do this; see methods of contour integration. Residue theorem The residue theorem in complex analysis is a powerful tool to evaluate path integrals of meromorphic functions over closed curves and can often be used to compute real integrals as well. It generalizes the Cauchy and Cauchys integral formula. The statement is as follows. Suppose U is a simply connected open subset of the complex plane C, a1,,an are finitely many points of U and f is a function which is defined and holomorphic on U \ {a1,,an}. If ÃŽÂ ³ is a rectifiable curve in U which doesnt meet any of the points ak and whose start point equals its endpoint, then Here, Res(f,ak) denotes the residue of f at ak, and n(ÃŽÂ ³,ak) is the winding number of the curve ÃŽÂ ³ about the point ak. This winding number is an integer which intuitively measures how often the curve ÃŽÂ ³ winds around the point ak; it is positive if ÃŽÂ ³ moves in a counter clockwise (mathematically positive) manner around ak and 0 if ÃŽÂ ³ doesnt move around ak at all. In order to evaluate real integrals, the residue theorem is used in the following manner: the integrand is extended to the complex plane and its residues are computed (which is usually easy), and a part of the real axis is extended to a closed curve by attaching a half-circle in the upper or lower half-plane. The integral over this curve can then be computed using the residue theorem. Often, the half-circle part of the integral will tend towards zero if it is large enough, leaving only the real-axis part of the integral, the one we were originally interested Quantum mechanics The complex number field is relevant in the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics, where complex Hilbert spaces provide the context for one such formulation that is convenient and perhaps most standard. The original foundation formulas of quantum mechanics the Schrà ¶dinger equation and Heisenbergs matrix mechanics make use of complex numbers. The quantum theory provides a quantitative explanation for two types of phenomena that classical mechanics and classical electrodynamics cannot account for: Some observable physical quantities, such as the total energy of a blackbody, take on discrete rather than continuous values. This phenomenon is called quantization, and the smallest possible intervals between the discrete values are called quanta (singular: quantum, from the Latin word for quantity, hence the name quantum mechanics.) The size of the quanta typically varies from system to system. Under certain experimental conditions, microscopic objects like atoms or electrons exhibit wave-like behavior, such as interference. Under other conditions, the same species of objects exhibit particle-like behavior (particle meaning an object that can be localized to a particular region of space), such as scattering. This phenomenon is known as wave-particle duality. Application of complex number in Computer Science. 1) Arithmetic and logic in computer system Arithmetic and Logic in Computer Systems provides a useful guide to a fundamental subject of computer science and engineering. Algorithms for performing operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in digital computer systems are presented, with the goal of explaining the concepts behind the algorithms, rather than addressing any direct applications. Alternative methods are examined, and explanations are supplied of the fundamental materials and reasoning behind theories and examples. 2) Recticing Software engineering in 21st century This technological manual explores how software engineering principles can be used in tandem with software development tools to produce economical and reliable software that is faster and more accurate. Tools and techniques provided include the Unified Process for GIS application development, service-based approaches to business and information technology alignment, and an integrated model of application and software security. Current methods and future possibilities for software design are covered. In Electrical Engineering: The voltage produced by a battery is characterized by one real number (called potential), such as +12 volts or à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢12 volts. But the AC voltage in a home requires two parameters. One is a potential, such as 120 volts, and the other is an angle (called phase). The voltage is said to have two dimensions. A 2-dimensional quantity can be represented mathematically as either a vector or as a complex number (known in the engineering context as phasor). In the vector representation, the rectangular coordinates are typically referred to simply as X and Y. But in the complex number representation, the same components are referred to as real and imaginary. When the complex number is purely imaginary, such as a real part of 0 and an imaginary part of 120, it means the voltage has a potential of 120 volts and a phase of 90 °, which is physically very real. Application in electronics engineering Information that expresses a single dimension, such as linear distance, is called a scalar quantity in mathematics. Scalar numbers are the kind of numbers students use most often. In relation to science, the voltage produced by a battery, the resistance of a piece of wire (ohms), and current through a wire (amps) are scalar quantities. When electrical engineers analyzed alternating current circuits, they found that quantities of voltage, current and resistance (called impedance in AC) were not the familiar one-dimensional scalar quantities that are used when measuring DC circuits. These quantities which now alternate in direction and amplitude possess other dimensions (frequency and phase shift) that must be taken into account. In order to analyze AC circuits, it became necessary to represent multi-dimensional quantities. In order to accomplish this task, scalar numbers were abandoned and complex numbers were used to express the two dimensions of frequency and phase shift at one time. In mathematics, i is used to represent imaginary numbers. In the study of electricity and electronics, j is used to represent imaginary numbers so that there is no confusion with i, which in electronics represents current. It is also customary for scientists to write the complex number in the form a + jb. In electrical engineering, the Fourier transform is used to analyze varying voltages and currents. The treatment of resistors, capacitors, and inductors can then be unified by introducing imaginary, frequency-dependent resistances for the latter two and combining all three in a single complex number called the impedance. (Electrical engineers and some physicists use the letter j for the imaginary unit since i is typically reserved for varying currents and may come into conflict with i.) This approach is called phasor calculus. This use is also extended into digital signal processing and digital image processing, which utilize digital versions of Fourier analysis (and wavelet analysis) to transmit, compress, restore, and otherwise process digital audio signals, still images, and video signals. Introduce the formula E = I à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Z where E is voltage, I is current, and Z is impedance. Complex numbers are used a great deal in electronics. The main reason for this is they make the whole topic of analyzing and understanding alternating signals much easier. This seems odd at first, as the concept of using a mix of real and imaginary numbers to explain things in the real world seem crazy!. . To help you get a clear picture of how theyre used and what they mean we can look at a mechanical example We can now reverse the above argument when considering a.c. (sine wave) oscillations in electronic circuits. Here we can regard the oscillating voltages and currents as side views of something which is actually rotating at a steady rate. We can only see the real part of this, of course, so we have to imagine the changes in the other direction. This leads us to the idea that what the oscillation voltage or current that we see is just the real portion of a complex quantity that also has an imaginary part. At any instant what we see is determined by a phase angle which varies smoothly with time. We can now consider oscillating currents and voltages as being complex values that have a real part we can measure and an imaginary part which we cant. At first it seems pointless to create something we cant see or measure, but it turns out to be useful in a number of ways. 1) It helps us understand the behaviour of circuits which contain reactance (produced by capacitors or inductors) when we apply a.c. signals. 2) It gives us a new way to think about oscillations. This is useful when we want to apply concepts like the conservation of energy to understanding the behaviour of systems which range from simple a mechanical pendulums to a quartz-crystal oscillator. Applications in Fluid Dynamics In fluid dynamics, complex functions are used to describe potential flow in two dimensions. Fractals. Certain fractals are plotted in the complex plane, e.g. the Mandelbrot set Fluid Dynamics and its sub disciplines aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and hydraulics have a wide range of applications. For example, they are used in calculating forces and moments on aircraft, the mass flow of petroleum through pipelines, and prediction of weather patterns. The concept of a fluid is surprisingly general. For example, some of the basic mathematical concepts in traffic engineering are derived from considering traffic as a continuous fluids. Relativity In special and general relativity, some formulas for the metric on spacetime become simpler if one takes the time variable to be imaginary. (This is no longer standard in classical relativity, but is used in an essential way in quantum field theory.) Complex numbers are essential to spinors, which are a generalization of the tensors used in relativity. Applied mathematics In differential equations, it is common to first find all complex roots r of the characteristic equation of a linear differential equation and then attempt to solve the system in terms of base functions of the form f(t) = ert. In Electromagnetism: Instead of taking electrical and magnetic part as a two different real numbers, we can represent it as in one complex number IN Civil and Mechanical Engineering: The concept of complex geometry and Argand plane is very much useful in constructing buildings and cars. This concept is used in 2-D designing of buildings and cars. It is also very useful in cutting of tools. Another possibility to use complex numbers in simple mechanics might be to use them to represent rotations.